Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' (artar japonez coral)

Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' , also known as the 'Japanese coral maple' or 'Sango-kaku' (Japanese for 'coral tower'), is a cultivar of the species Acer palmatum in the Sapindaceae family. This deciduous shrub or small tree is prized for its delicate foliage and, in particular, its vibrant coral-red branches, which provide a visual spectacle in the winter months. Native to Japan, it is a popular choice for ornamental gardens and, due to its slow growth and graceful appearance, is ideal for bonsai.

Appearance of leaves, flowers and fruits

• Leaves : The leaves are palmate, with 5-7 thin lobes, light green in spring, with pinkish-reddish edges when emerging. They become medium green in summer, and in autumn they turn into spectacular shades of golden yellow and orange , sometimes with reddish accents. The leaves are small, 4-6 cm, and delicate, giving an airy appearance.
• Flowers : The flowers are small, purple, grouped in discrete clusters, appearing in April-May . They are ornamentally insignificant, but attract pollinators such as bees.
• Fruits : The fruits are double samaras, initially pale red, turning brown at maturity, 1-2 cm long. They appear in summer, but are not an aesthetic highlight.
• Branches : Young branches are a brilliant coral-red , especially in winter, when the contrast with the snow is dramatic. This feature makes 'Sangokaku' unique among Japanese maples.

Growth characteristics

• Height and width : It grows as a shrub or small tree, reaching 4-6 meters tall and 3-4 meters wide in natural conditions, with a rounded, slightly arched crown. Growth is slow, which makes it suitable for small spaces.
• Vigor : It has slow to moderate growth, with fine but resistant branches, and a graceful habit.
• Type : It is a deciduous shrub/tree, with a delicate branching structure, ideal for ornamental landscapes.

Growing conditions

• Exposure : Prefers partial shade or filtered sun , ideally under sparsely canopyed trees or near an east-facing wall. Full sun can burn the leaves, especially in hot climates, and dense shade reduces the intensity of the colors.
• Soil : Requires fertile, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7). A mixture of garden soil, compost and peat is ideal. Does not tolerate waterlogged or chalky soils.
• Watering : Needs regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but not flooded. A layer of organic mulch (e.g. bark) helps retain moisture.
• Pollination : Flowers attract pollinators, but fruits are not relevant for ornamental value.

Care and resistance

• Hardiness : It is hardy to -20°C (zones 5-8), making it suitable for temperate climates, including Romania. Young leaves may be affected by late frosts, and branches may require protection in harsh winters.
• Fertilization : Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g. 10-10-10) in early spring to stimulate growth. Avoid excess nitrogen, which favors large leaves at the expense of color.
• Pruning : Prune minimally in January-February to remove dead or crossing branches and maintain shape. Severe pruning can affect the natural appearance.
• Pests and diseases : May be affected by mites, aphids or verticillium wilt. Good ventilation and drainage prevent diseases. Inspect the leaves regularly for signs of stress.
• Fauna : The flowers attract bees, and the berries can be eaten by small birds.

Use

Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' is ideal for Japanese gardens , cottage landscapes or as a solitary plant in small spaces. The coral-red branches provide visual interest in winter, and the colorful foliage in spring and autumn completes the aesthetic. It can be grown in containers on patios, but requires protection from wind and cold.

Origin

Acer palmatum is native to Japan, Korea and China , where it grows in temperate forests. The cultivar 'Sangokaku' was selected in Japan for its coral-red branches and delicate foliage, becoming one of the most prized Japanese maple varieties in ornamental horticulture due to its seasonal contrast.

The possibility of turning Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' into bonsai

Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' is one of the most popular choices for bonsai due to its natural and aesthetic characteristics, which lend themselves perfectly to miniaturization techniques.

Pot diameter: 10.5 cm
Height with pot included: approx. 40 cm

The shade of the leaves varies depending on the season.