Acer palmatum 'Katsura' (acero giapponese dorato)

Acer palmatum 'Katsura', also known as the "Japanese maple Katsura," is a cultivar of the Acer palmatum species from the Sapindaceae family. This deciduous shrub or small tree is renowned for its vibrant foliage, which undergoes spectacular color changes throughout the seasons, and for its compact, graceful shape. Native to Japan, 'Katsura' is a popular choice for ornamental gardens, Japanese-style landscapes, and bonsai, due to its bright colors and delicate appearance.

Appearance of leaves, flowers, and fruits

• Leaves: The leaves are hand-shaped, with 5-7 slender lobes, and have a bright yellow-orange color in spring, with pinkish-red edges, creating a fiery effect. In summer, the leaves turn a bright lime green, and in autumn they change to intense shades of orange, golden yellow, and red, offering a vibrant visual display. The leaves are small, 4-6 cm, with finely serrated edges, giving an airy and delicate look.
• Flowers: The flowers are small, purple, grouped in discreet clusters, appearing in April-May. They are not significant ornamentally but attract pollinators such as bees.
• Fruits: The fruits are double samaras, initially reddish, turning brown at maturity, 1-2 cm long. They appear in summer but do not significantly contribute to the plant’s appearance.

Growth characteristics

• Height and width: It grows as a compact shrub, reaching 2-4 meters in height and 2-3 meters in width, with a rounded, arching crown. Its slow growth makes it ideal for small or medium gardens.
• Vigor: It has slow to moderate growth, with fine branches and a delicate structure, suitable for ornamental landscapes.
• Type: It is a deciduous shrub/tree, with fine branching that highlights the colorful foliage.

Growing conditions

• Exposure: Prefers partial shade or filtered sunlight, ideally under trees with sparse crowns or near an east-facing wall. Full sun can burn the delicate leaves, especially in spring, while dense shade reduces color intensity.
• Soil: Requires fertile, well-drained soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7). A mix of garden soil, compost, and peat is ideal. It does not tolerate waterlogged or chalky soils.
• Watering: Needs regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but not flooded. A layer of organic mulch (e.g., bark) helps retain moisture.
• Pollination: The flowers attract pollinators, but the fruits are not relevant for ornamental value.

Care and resistance

• Hardiness: It is hardy to temperatures down to -20°C (zones 5-8), making it suitable for temperate climates, including Romania. Young leaves can be affected by late frosts, and the plant requires protection during harsh winters.
• Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in early spring to stimulate growth. Avoid excess nitrogen, which can affect seasonal colors.
• Pruning: Prune minimally in January-February to remove dead or crossing branches and maintain shape. Heavy pruning can affect the natural appearance.
• Pests and diseases: May be affected by mites, aphids, or verticillium wilt. Delicate leaves are sensitive to sunburn under extreme conditions. Good ventilation and drainage prevent problems.
• Wildlife: Flowers attract bees, and the samaras may be eaten by small birds.

Uses

Acer palmatum 'Katsura' is ideal for Japanese gardens, cottage-style landscapes, or as a solitary plant in small gardens. Its colorful foliage pairs beautifully with plants such as hosta, ferns, or azaleas, creating vibrant contrasts. It can be grown in containers on terraces but requires protection from wind and cold. It is perfect for adding dynamism and color to ornamental landscapes.

Origin

Acer palmatum is native to Japan, Korea, and China, where it grows in temperate forests. The 'Katsura' cultivar was selected in Japan for its bright seasonal colors, especially the spring yellow-orange that recalls the Katsura River in Kyoto. It is one of the most valued varieties due to its colorful display.

Possibility of turning Acer palmatum 'Katsura' into bonsai

Acer palmatum 'Katsura' is an excellent choice for bonsai due to its small leaves, spectacular seasonal colors, and slow growth, which facilitate shaping and maintenance.

Height including pot: approx. 30 cm

Leaf color varies depending on the season and growing conditions.

⚠️ Disclaimer: Acer palmatum leaves are delicate and may show small imperfections (marginal burns, spots, or tears), especially after transport or during periods of excessive heat. These aspects do not affect the plant’s health, which regenerates its foliage in the following growth cycles.