Acer palmatum 'Royal Garnet' (érable japonais)

Acer palmatum 'Royal Garnet', also known as the "Japanese maple Royal Garnet," is a cultivar of the species Acer palmatum from the Sapindaceae family. This deciduous shrub or small tree is valued for its deep red-purple foliage, which changes into spectacular colors throughout the seasons, and for its elegant shape. Native to Japan, 'Royal Garnet' is an excellent choice for ornamental gardens, Japanese-style landscapes, and bonsai, due to its vibrant colors and relatively compact stature.

Appearance of leaves, flowers, and fruits

• Leaves: The leaves are palmate, with 5-7 slender lobes, of a deep red-purple in spring, with a rich garnet-like shade that remains vibrant throughout summer. In autumn, the leaves turn into intense shades of crimson red or bright purple, creating a dramatic visual display. The leaves are medium-sized, 5-7 cm, with finely serrated edges, giving a delicate and textured look.
• Flowers: The flowers are small, purple, grouped in discreet clusters, appearing in April-May. They are not ornamentally significant but attract pollinators such as bees.
• Fruits: The fruits are double samaras, initially reddish, turning brown at maturity, 1-2 cm long. They appear in summer but do not significantly contribute to the plant’s aesthetic.

Growth characteristics

• Height and width: Grows as a shrub or small tree, reaching 3-5 meters in height and 3-4 meters in width under natural conditions, with a rounded, slightly arching crown. Moderate growth makes it suitable for medium-sized gardens.
• Vigor: Has slow to moderate growth, with fine but sturdy branches and a graceful habit.
• Type: It is a deciduous shrub/tree with a branched structure that highlights the colorful foliage.

Growing conditions

• Exposure: Prefers partial shade or filtered sunlight, ideally under trees with sparse crowns or near an east-facing wall. Full sun can intensify the red color but risks leaf burn in warm climates. Dense shade may lead to less vibrant foliage.
• Soil: Requires fertile, well-drained soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7). A mix of garden soil, compost, and peat is ideal. Does not tolerate waterlogged or calcareous soils.
• Watering: Needs regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. A layer of organic mulch (e.g., bark) helps retain moisture.
• Pollination: Flowers attract pollinators, but the fruits are not relevant for ornamental value.

Care and resistance

• Hardiness: Resistant to temperatures down to -20°C (zones 5-8), suitable for temperate climates, including Romania. Young leaves may be affected by late frosts, and branches may need protection during harsh winters.
• Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in early spring to stimulate growth. Avoid excess nitrogen, which can reduce the intensity of the red color.
• Pruning: Prune minimally in January-February to remove dead or crossing branches and maintain shape. Heavy pruning can affect the natural appearance.
• Pests and diseases: May be affected by mites, aphids, or verticillium wilt. The red foliage is sensitive to sunburn under extreme conditions. Good ventilation and drainage prevent problems.
• Wildlife: Flowers attract bees, and the samaras may be eaten by small birds.

Uses

Acer palmatum 'Royal Garnet' is ideal for Japanese gardens, cottage-style landscapes, or as a solitary plant in medium-sized gardens. The red-purple foliage creates a dramatic contrast with plants such as hosta, ferns, or white roses. It can be grown in containers on terraces but requires protection from wind and cold. It is perfect for adding depth and color to ornamental landscapes.

Origin

Acer palmatum is native to Japan, Korea, and China, where it grows in temperate forests. The 'Royal Garnet' cultivar was selected for its intense red foliage and elegant stature, being a relatively new variety in ornamental horticulture. Its name reflects the rich garnet-like color and regal appearance.

Possibility of turning Acer palmatum 'Royal Garnet' into bonsai

Acer palmatum 'Royal Garnet' is an excellent choice for bonsai due to its medium-sized leaves, dramatic red-purple color, and moderate growth, which facilitates shaping.

Height including pot: approx. 30 cm

Leaf shade varies depending on the season and growing conditions.

⚠️ Disclaimer: Acer palmatum leaves are delicate and may show small imperfections (marginal burns, spots, or tears), especially after transport or during periods of excessive heat. These aspects do not affect the plant’s health, which regenerates its foliage in the following growth cycles.