Acer palmatum 'Butterfly' (japonský javor)

Acer palmatum 'Butterfly', also known as the "Japanese maple Butterfly," is a cultivar of the species Acer palmatum from the Sapindaceae family. This deciduous shrub or small tree is renowned for its variegated foliage, with delicate leaves in shades of green and cream, and for its graceful appearance, making it a popular choice for ornamental gardens, Japanese landscapes, and bonsai. Native to Japan, 'Butterfly' adds a subtle charm due to its variegation and seasonal colors.

Appearance of leaves, flowers, and fruits

• Leaves: The leaves are palmate, with 5-7 slender lobes, of a medium green with cream or pale pinkish-white edges and spots, creating a distinctive variegated effect. In spring, new leaves may have pale pink edges that fade to cream in summer. In autumn, the leaves turn shades of pink, red, and purple, offering a colorful display. The leaves are small, 4-6 cm, and delicate, giving an airy look.
• Flowers: The flowers are small, purple, grouped in discreet clusters, appearing in April-May. They are not ornamental but attract pollinators such as bees.
• Fruits: The fruits are double samaras, initially reddish, turning brown at maturity, 1-2 cm long. They appear in summer but do not significantly contribute to the plant’s appearance.

Growth characteristics

• Height and width: Grows as a compact shrub or small tree, reaching 2-3 meters in height and 1.5-2.5 meters in width, with a rounded, slightly arching crown. Its slow growth makes it ideal for small spaces.
• Vigor: It has slow growth, with fine branches and a delicate structure, suitable for ornamental landscapes.
• Type: It is a deciduous shrub/tree, with fine branching that emphasizes its graceful appearance.

Growing conditions

• Exposure: Prefers partial shade or filtered sunlight, ideally under trees with sparse crowns or near an east-facing wall. Full sun can scorch the variegated leaves, especially the cream areas, while dense shade reduces the intensity of variegation.
• Soil: Requires fertile, well-drained soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7). A mix of garden soil, compost, and peat is ideal. It does not tolerate waterlogged or calcareous soils.
• Watering: Needs regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. A layer of organic mulch (e.g., bark) helps retain moisture.
• Pollination: The flowers attract pollinators, but the fruits are not relevant for ornamental value.

Care and resistance

• Hardiness: It is hardy to temperatures down to -20°C (zones 5-8), suitable for temperate climates, including Romania. Young leaves may be affected by late frosts, and variegated areas are more sensitive to stress.
• Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in early spring to stimulate growth. Avoid excess nitrogen, which can reduce variegation.
• Pruning: Prune minimally in January-February to remove dead or crossing branches and maintain shape. Heavy pruning can affect the natural look.
• Pests and diseases: May be affected by mites, aphids, or verticillium wilt. Variegated areas are more sensitive to sunburn or fungal diseases. Good ventilation and drainage prevent problems.
• Wildlife: Flowers attract bees, and the samaras may be eaten by small birds.

Uses

Acer palmatum 'Butterfly' is ideal for Japanese gardens, cottage-style landscapes, or as a solitary plant in small spaces. The variegated foliage adds contrast when combined with plants such as hosta, ferns, or azaleas. It can be grown in containers on terraces but requires protection from wind and cold. It is perfect for creating delicate focal points in ornamental landscapes.

Origin

Acer palmatum is native to Japan, Korea, and China, where it grows in temperate forests. The 'Butterfly' cultivar was selected in Japan for its variegated foliage and compact stature, becoming popular in ornamental horticulture due to its refined appearance and versatility in landscape design.

Possibility of turning Acer palmatum 'Butterfly' into bonsai

Acer palmatum 'Butterfly' is an excellent choice for bonsai due to its small leaves, attractive variegation, and slow growth, which facilitate shaping.

Pot diameter: 10 cm
Height including pot: 25-30 cm

⚠️ Disclaimer: Acer palmatum leaves are delicate and may show small imperfections (marginal burns, spots, or tears), especially after transport or during periods of excessive heat. These aspects do not affect the plant’s health, which regenerates its foliage in subsequent growing cycles.