Acer palmatum 'Iyoshi' (Érable japonais)

Acer palmatum 'Iyoshi', also known as the "Japanese maple Iyoshi" (sometimes spelled "Ijoshi" or "Lyoshi" depending on sources), is a rare and attractive cultivar of the Acer palmatum species from the Sapindaceae family. This deciduous shrub is valued for its variegated foliage, which undergoes spectacular color changes throughout the seasons, and for its compact size, making it ideal for small gardens, terraces, and bonsai. Native to Japan, 'Iyoshi' adds a delicate charm thanks to its elegant leaves and artistic appearance.

Appearance of leaves, flowers, and fruits

• Leaves: The leaves are hand-shaped, with 5-7 deeply cut lobes, a bright green in spring, variegated with pink-cream or white-cream edges, creating a charming contrast. In summer, the leaves become green with white borders, maintaining the distinctive variegation. In autumn, the foliage turns a scarlet red or deep purple, offering a vibrant display. The leaves are medium-sized, 4-7 cm, with finely serrated edges, giving a graceful look.
  
• Flowers: The flowers are small, purple, grouped in discreet clusters, appearing in April-May. They are not significant ornamentally but attract pollinators such as bees.
  
• Fruits: The fruits are double samaras, initially reddish, turning brown at maturity, 1-2 cm long. They appear in summer but do not significantly contribute to the plant’s appearance.

Growth characteristics

• Height and width: It grows as a compact shrub, reaching a height of 2 meters and a width of 1.5-2.5 meters, with a rounded, slightly arched crown. Its slow growth makes it perfect for small spaces.
  
• Vigor: It has slow growth, with fine branches and a delicate structure, ideal for ornamental landscapes.
• Type: It is a deciduous shrub, with fine branching that highlights the variegated foliage.

Growing conditions

• Exposure: Prefers partial shade or filtered sunlight, ideally in a place sheltered from strong winds and intense sun. Indirect light enhances variegation, but full sun can burn the delicate leaves, especially the cream areas.
• Soil: Requires fertile, well-drained soil, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.5-7). Loamy, sandy soils rich in organic matter are ideal. It does not tolerate waterlogged or chalky soils.
  
• Watering: Needs regular watering, keeping the soil consistently moist but not flooded, especially during dry periods. A layer of organic mulch (e.g., bark) helps retain moisture.
  
• Pollination: The flowers attract pollinators, but the fruits are not relevant for ornamental value.

Care and resistance

• Hardiness: It is hardy to temperatures down to -20°C (zones 5-8), suitable for temperate climates, including Romania. Young leaves can be affected by late frosts, requiring protection with a winter cloth for young plants.
  
• Fertilizing: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in early spring to stimulate growth. Avoid excess nitrogen, which can reduce variegation.
  
• Pruning: Prune minimally, in September-October or winter, to remove dead or damaged branches. The natural elegant shape does not require extensive trimming.
  
• Pests and diseases: Can be affected by mites, aphids, or verticillium wilt. Variegated leaves are sensitive to sunburn or strong winds. Good ventilation and drainage prevent problems.
  
• Wildlife: Flowers attract bees, and the samaras may be eaten by small birds.

Uses

Acer palmatum 'Iyoshi' is ideal for Japanese gardens, cottage-style landscapes, terrace containers, or as a solitary plant in small gardens. The pink-cream and scarlet variegated foliage adds contrast when combined with plants such as hosta, ferns, or white roses. Due to its compact size, it is perfect for limited spaces or to fill gaps in mixed landscapes.

Origin

Acer palmatum is native to Japan, Korea, and China, where it grows in temperate forests. The 'Iyoshi' cultivar is a rare selection developed in Japan for its variegated foliage and compact stature, being less common in gardens compared to other varieties. It is considered a rare gem among collectors of Japanese maples.

Possibility of turning Acer palmatum 'Iyoshi' into bonsai

Acer palmatum 'Iyoshi' is an excellent choice for bonsai due to its small leaves, attractive variegation, and slow growth, which facilitates shaping.

Height with pot included approx. 30 cm